Tuesday, 16 December 2014

It’s high time for Bunge to go paperless

Mwassa Jingi

It has been well argued that one of weaknesses of our developing countries like Tanzania is poor management of their resources but at the same time blaming development partners for not helping them enough. We in developing world do not know that wealth comes through hard work and saving; and this is just a matter of choice just like what the Father of this nation, Julius Nyerere taught us: “to plan is to choose”. If we fail to plan and choose on how to spend our resources wisely, lest we should blame those who give us aid when occasionally may fail to do so. We cannot develop if we cannot manage our resources well and control our daily expenditure reasonably.

On 21^st January 2015, the Embassy of China in Dar es Salaam donated to the Parliament of Tanzania office equipment worth millions of Tanzania shilling. Donating the equipment Chinese Ambassador to Tanzania said that the equipment was promised by Chinese President who visited the country last year and got an opportunity to meet Madame Speaker Anne Makinda. Probably the latter asked the former to help in equipping her institution with modern equipment including laptops for members of Parliament. According to the Ambassador, the equipment donated was meant to meet the pledge made by H.E. President of China.

Speaking after receiving the equipment, Speaker Makinda hinted that such equipment came at right time and if wisely used would save a lot of money used to print documents for use by members of Parliament as hard copies. This reminds me of the world without papers- paperless world. Several research reports have shown that stationery is one of top component which highly contributes in big expenditure of an organization or even the country. Stationery and use of papers in general contribute to big loss to organizations and eventually force them to go bankrupt. In this era of computer technology, each Member of Parliament compulsorily must learn and use laptop. This would not only save money but improve their work as well.

Unfortunately, most of developing countries, including Tanzania do not have discipline when it comes to use of papers. Stationery is taken for granted as a minimal expenditure but is the one that costs government a lot of money, taking into account that all government procurement eats away almost 70 percent of recurrent budget annually, and stationery is one of the elements which through bidding its prices can highly be made extravagant by bidders colluding with government procuring officers.

Let all public institutions now consider paper use for whatever usage as extravagance that can easily be avoided by investing in electronic system and use laptops by all officials and thus minimize use of hard copies. This will save a lot of money wasted every year for stationery and printing of documents. Our government and its all institutions must now think outside the box. They must maximize use of soft copies in all needs that demand hard copies.

With the current quality of available technology, there is no need for public institutions like Parliament to go on spending a lot of money on papers for printing of documents. Worse enough, both our politicians and technocrats are not concerned with heavy burden the taxpayers carry on many unnecessary expenditure, stationery being one of them. A Classic example is that, an envelope of say 500/= through bidding can be sold to government institution at a price of Tsh. 3000/=. A 4A rim of 4000/= can be sold at 10,000/=. Such expenditure can be saved by use of Information Technology communication (ICT). Where the programme of establishing e-government has gone? If still exists, we must speed it up.

It is high time now for our Bunge which is a bigger consumer of papers to switch to use ICT that can immensely reduce use of papers on stationery budget and thus save billions of shillings that can be spent on other basic needs like health, education and water services. Most of public institutions including Parliament are full of young people with ample knowledge of using laptops and hence reduce use of papers for printing of documents. We are very poor country and we cannot always go as unconcerned society in management of our little cash we collect monthly through Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) which is about Tshs 800 billion.

No doubt, our Parliament is one of leading public institution that spends billions of shillings each year on stationery and paid printed documents by Government Printer and others, in particular, these documents distributed Members of Parliament as hard copies for reading prior to any discussions. Currently, all MPs cannot debate any issue without first being served with printed materials whether of budget papers or Bills. How much billions of shillings are spent every year in printing volume of budgetary documents? How much money is spent through printing of Bill documents? All these expenses can be avoided if we are cost conscious.

If Parliament can switch to use of laptops for all MPs, it will reduce its budget probably by half. Let all MPs be served with laptops and be trained on how to use them, in particularly in accessing soft documents that otherwise might need hard copies. It’s cheaper and cost effective to use soft copy documents rather than go on with our usual routing of supplying each MP with hard copy of every document. It’s not enough to always complain that we do not have money to meet our budgets. It’s time to find out how can we slim our expenditures and one of an obvious area is this of stationery.

I would like to urge both politicians and technocrats in government to place use of ICT at top priority as one of austerity measures that can help them to reduce to maximum use of stationery for printing purposes and instead encourage and promote use of soft copying almost in every area which traditionally would demand hard copying. The new culture once built must be transferred and be adopted by all local government authorities which are the most victims of financial restraints. To plan is to choose. Let’s choose paperless world and see how much money we are going to save in the coming financial year 2015/2016.

mwassajingi@yahoo.com; 0756 440 175.

ENGLISH ARTICLES

It’s high time for Bunge to go paperless

Mwassa Jingi

mwassajingi@yahoo.com; 0756 440 175.

Tuesday, 21 October 2014

Lack of Integrity for CA in proposing new constitution

Mwassa Jingi

Now we have proposed constitution which if things go well on the side of the ruling party, it will might be our new constitution sometimes this year or next year depends on the decision that will be made by our leaders in the government when referendum is due. For CCM and its government this is already a done deal. But whatever the case we will have it anyway since our rulers have determined to give it to us. There is, however, one question which is still lingering in our minds. Why we got such a proposed constitution which is not supported by many stakeholders with exception of Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and their fans? The answer is simple: The members of Constituent Assembly (CA) which was CCM dominated lacked integrity in proposing new constitution. Their hearts and minds were filled with greed for power and not will of the people and their posterity.

Lack of integrity divides people

Integrity unites people. By the way, what is integrity? When we speak of integrity, we simply mean: “the quality of always behaving according to the moral principles that you believe in, so that people respect and trust you”. People of no integrity are indifferent and do not care what others say or do against their words or actions. CCM therefore have portrayed their true colours as people who are not led with moral principles in leading this country. They lack integrity which is an essential element for people centred development, especially in this era of multiparty democracy where people’s voice must not be ignored. CCM may lose respect and trust among the people it rules.

For people of integrity, it could not be possible for CCM to go alone in deliberating and then pass on the new document in the name of the proposed constitution. The CA could not proceed with its business alone without the whole opposition members on one side, and at the same time the whole team of erstwhile constitutional Review Commission was aptly opposing it. Worse even, major religious bodies like Tanzania Episcopal conference (TEC), Christian Community of Tanzania (CCT) and Pentecostals’ Council of Tanzania (PCT) together and through formal forum raised their voice against CA proceedings in Dodoma. Thus, if we add together these groups which undoubtedly represent a big section of Tanzanian population, we find that almost half of the people of Tanzania were neither represented nor in favour with the business of CA which ultimately came out with proposed constitution.

The proposed constitution lacks blessings of main stakeholders

The way CA conducted its proceedings was improper and contrary to the way big missions like this of constitution making process are done in the civilized world. The ruling party like CCM comprising about 400 delegates, if it were a party of integrity, it could not afford to go on alone with the CA proceedings in Dodoma until they produced the final document amid all voices from prominent groups like the ones I mentioned herein above being against it. The manner in which the then Chairman of CA blasted our Christian leaders before CA, was very odd and peculiar behaviour for the long -time leader like Sitta. This is a true evidence of having leaders who have no integrity in our society. If genuinely CCM was after people’s wishes, how can they ignore main stakeholders of constitution making? For whom are they making the constitution for? Constitution is the basic law for all people, and it is from it, whereby all other laws will originate, hence cannot be a business of only a few people, leaving others outside as spectators who have no any interest for future usage.

One, prominent Bishop from TEC commented that he has already voted NO against proposed constitution and that his vote will remain so even if he dies before referendum. Why such a religious leader reached such decision? He was really annoyed by CA the way it was indifferently and shrewdly conducting its business. How did our President feel when he was receiving the proposed constitution without attendance of any member from erstwhile CRC? What kind of history the proposed constitution will have, if passed to be parent law after referendum? If the members of CA would be people of integrity, wouldn’t celebrate and dance in Dodoma knowing that the team which gave them Draft Constitution was not with them in Dodoma. Can they say that all members of CRC, some of them being prominent members of CCM and retired Premiers of this country, and retired Chief Justice, were merely people of feeble minds? No, I don’t think so. CCM has manipulatively won, but may miss blessings of many groups, including prominent religious leaders.

The proposed constitution will be in the Guinness book of records

CCM members and all those who passed the proposed constitution shrewdly and manipulatively have highly contributed in fracturing our nation from now on and probably it might take many decades to heal this malady. Many generations in history who perhaps will be governed with this constitution will keenly look into the list of the names of the proponents of the document. They will read the history of the way constitution was made and find that it was passed by votes of majority of CCM but worse enough borrowed names of those who were not present like Ambar Khamisi, and it was also passed by one person who by then was diseased almost three months prior to voting day. This proposed constitution if is passed through referendum will be constitution of its kind in history of Tanzania; will be in the Guinness book of records.

All malpractices, e.g. a diseased person being among the list of voters who approved the proposed constitution; absentees being recorded to vote yes, and one person from one category i.e. from Tanzania Mainland crossed over and voted in Zanzibar side, are the things which make this proposed constitution something of its kind in the history of constitution making in the world. High lack of integrity for members of CA will end up with disgrace and shame in long time, which will then follow them all days that they will live on this planet and history will remember them for such malpractice of manipulation and shrewdness in the making of constitution.

mwassajingi@yahoo.com; 0756 440 175.

Friday, 17 October 2014

VISION CONFERENCE AT MIKUNGANI VILLAGE AT MBUGUNI ARUSHA

Vision conference is a type of training developed by christian organization known as Samaritan Strategy Africa, its focus being to equip local leaders for transformation of mind from secular mindset on worldviews.

Two pictures above are Mwassa Jingi and Michael Titus eating nyaturu tribe meal (ugali kwa mlenda) prepared by Nyaturu lady mama Hamisi Swalehe during vision conference at Mikungani village Mbuguni Arumeru Arusha.

No.1. One of Facilitators, Ms Goodness listens to participants who were contributing after presentation.

No.2. Group photo taken after closing of training

Ms Goodness facilitating VC class at Mikungani village Mbuguni Division in Arumeru Arusha.

No. 5

No. 6.

One participants presenting a group work on seed planning project

BOOKS

BOOKS:
1. Falsafa ya Taasisi ya Ndoa na Sheria ya Ndoa Tanzania

MUHTASARI
Ndoa ni Taasisi ya kwanza kabisa katika maisha ya mwanadamu
ambayo imeendelea kudumu hadi leo. Ni Taasisi ambayo Mwaasisi wake ni Mungu Mwenye-enzi. Kitabu hiki kimekusudiwa kukuletea Historia na maendeleo ya Falsafa ya Taasisi ya Ndoa kuanzia mwanzo na mwendelezo wake katika historia ya mwanadamu kwa ujumla wake. Kitabu kimechambua maendeleo na matatizo yanayoendelea kuikumba Taasisi hii katika ulimwengu wa leo na hatima ya kizazi cha binadamu kutegemeana na jinsi kila kizazi kinavyoheshimu au kudharau Taasisi hii muhimu kwa uhai na maendeleo ya binadamu duniani. Sura ya 1, 2 na 3 zimebainisha ukweli huu.
Ndoa ni Taasisi pekee ambayo wanadamu tuliopo leo tumeikuta na tumelazimika kuiendeleza tangu ilipozinduliwa na Mwenyezi Mungu katika Bustani ya Edeni, baada ya wanandoa wa kwanza kuumbwa. Kwa sababu Ndoa, mbali ya kuwa ni Taasisi aliyoianzisha Mungu tangu mwanzo na kuiwekea sheria, lakini pia kutokana na unyeti wake na ulazima wake kwa jamii za wanadamu, Taasisi hii imetungiwa sheria na kila jamii au taifa, ili kuiongoza jamii husika katika namna bora ya kuingia katika ndoa, kama alivyofanya Mungu kupitia torati kwa jamii ya Kiyahudi zamani. Nchi yetu, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, miaka 10 tu baada ya uhuru ilitunga sheria mpya ya kuitambua na kuilinda Taasisi hii muhimu kwa uhai na maendeleo ya kizazi cha binadamu nchini.
Ni kwa sababu hiyo, ndiyo maana kitabu hiki kimejumuisha na kuchambua vifungu mbalimbali vya Sheria ya Ndoa ya Tanzania ya mwaka 1971, katika mlengo wa kikristo, ili kuisaidia jamii ya kikristo kujua uhusiano uliopo kati ya matumizi ya sheria hiyo na mafundisho sahihi ya imani ya kikristo kuhusu Taasisi ya Ndoa kutoka kwenye kitabu cha Biblia Takatifu. Sura za 4, 5, 6 n.k. zimeeleza kwa kina uhusiano uliopo kati ya Taasisi ya Ndoa kwa imani ya kikristo na Sheria ya Ndoa ya mwaka 1971. Masuala tata kama vile talaka na mitara kwa mujibu wa sheria na maandiko ya Biblia yamechambuliwa kwa kina katika sura hizo.
Zaidi ya yote , kitabu pia kimeangalia mabadiliko makubwa yanayoikumba Taasisi ya ndoa katika ulimwengu wa leo, na hivyo Mwandishi amejitahidi kwa kadiri ya neema ya Mungu, kuchambua kwa uangalifu masuala tata yanayoikumba Taasisi ya Ndoa kwa nia ya kuisaidia jamii kupata ufahamu wa namna nzuri ya kuendeleza misingi ya asili ya kuanzishwa kwa Taasisi hii pamoja na namna ya kukabili changamoto mpya zianazoibuka kila siku katika enzi hizi za utandawazi.
Ndoa ni moja ya ibada za kumfanyia Mungu hapa duniani kwa kufuata mwongozo wake kama ulivyofafanuliwa katika maandiko mbalimbali ya kitabu cha Biblia Takatifu. Kitabu hiki pia kimesisitiza sana uhusiano ulipo kati ya Taasisi ya Ndoa na maendeleo ya jamii na kubainisha kuwa ndoa inayojali na kufuata misingi yake, inakuwa ni kichocheo cha maendeleo ya jamii husika na usalama wa maisha ya wanadamu hapa duniani dhidi ya hasira ya Mungu. Sura za 7, 10, 11, na 13, zimelenga kutoa ufahamu huo kwa jamii yote hata ile ambayo si ya kikristo. Sura za 12 na 14 zimelenga kutoa changamoto mahsusi kwa viongozi na jamii ya kikristo katika kukuza na kuimarisha maadili, ukiwa ni mkakati sahihi wa kuimarisha uadilifu wa Taasisi ya Ndoa kama nguzo kuu ya Kanisa na taifa kwa ujumla wake.
Kwa muhtasari, tunaweza kusema kuwa msomaji wa kitabu hiki atafaidika na kupata maarifa mengi kuhusu Taasisi ya Ndoa katika mtazamo wa kifalsafa, kibiblia, kisheria na hata kijamii, kutokana na uchambuzi wa mwandishi ambao siyo tu kwamba umezingatia tafsiri ya maandiko ya Biblia na Sheria ya Ndoa tu, bali pia umezingatia tafiti mbalimbali ili kujenga nguvu ya hoja badala ya hoja ya nguvu, katika kuielimisha jamii kuhusu ulazima wa kufuata maadili ya Taasisi ya Ndoa kama nguzo muhimu na ya lazima kwa Kanisa na kwa kila mkristo katika kuishi maisha ya imani ya kikristo na kijamii kwa kujua na kujali mafundisho sahihi ya imani hiyo, kama yalivyo katika Biblia na pia Sheria ya Ndoa ya Tanzania ya mwaka 1971.
Wadau wakuu wa kitabu hiki ni pamoja na Maaskofu, Wachungaji, washauri wa masuala ya ndoa, na watu wengine wote walioko katika ndoa kwa miaka mingi na wale wapya. Lakini pia, vijana wenye umri zaidi ya miaka 18, na wale wanaojiandaa kwa maisha ya ndoa nao ni wadau muhimu, kwani wanahitaji kujua masuala ya msingi yahusuyo maisha ya ndoa kabla na baada ya kuingia. Kwao sura za 8, 9 na 10 zinawahusu zaidi. Ukiacha vijana wanaojiandaa kuingia katika Taasisi hii, wadau wengine wote wanaweza kufaidika na maarifa yaliyomo ndaniya kitabu hiki kwa kujifunza wenyewe ili kuboresha maisha ya ndoa zao; lakini pia kuwa washauri wazuri wa masuala ya ndoa kwa watu wengine, kwa kutumia uchambuzi na ufafanuzi wa maandiko ya Biblia na pia Sheria yetu ya Ndoa ya mwaka 1971, kama ulivyofanywa na Mwandishi pamoja na tafiti zake. Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ni kwamba kitabu hiki pia kimeandikwa kwa kuzingatia mazingira ya Kitanzania na Kiafrika kwa ujumla wake. Sura za 2, 4, 9 na 11 ni baadhi tu ya sura zilizozingatia ukweli huo.
Isitoshe, Sheria ya Ndoa (tafsri ya Kiswahili) imeambatanishwa mwishoni mwa kitabu hiki ili iweze kumsaidia msomaji na mtumiaji wa kitabu hiki kuijua na kuitumia sheria hiyo kwa faida yake na wale wengine atakaopata nafasi ya kuwaelimisha. Tasfri ya Sheria ya Ndoa kwa lugha ya Kiswahili si ya Mwandishi wa kitabu hiki, bali ni tafsiri rasmi ya Serikali kutoka Ofisi ya Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Serikali yenye mamlaka ya kuandika sheria za nchi.
Tafsiri ya Kiswahili ya Sheria ya Ndoa ilifanywa ikiwa ni utekelezaji wa kifungu 167 cha Sheria ya Ndoa kwa lugha ya Kiingereza (the Law of Marriage Act, 1971), kama ilivyoagizwa kwenye kifungu hicho (167) kutafsiriwa Sheria ya Ndoa kwa lugha ya Kiswahili ili kuwawezesha wananchi wengi wapate kuielewa na kuitumia. Viongozi wa dini kama Wachungaji na wengineo, watafaidika na Sheria hiyo kwani wao, mbali na kuwa ni wanandoa kama watu wengine, lakini wao huitumia sheria hiyo kama Wasajili wa Ndoa wenye wajibu wa kusajili watu katika Taasisi ya Ndoa.
Aidha, uandishi na uchambuzi wa kitabu hiki umezingatia na kulenga zaidi mazingira ya kikristo na kisheria , kwa kutumia vianzo viwili vikuu, ambavyo ni kitabu cha Biblia na Sheria ya Ndoa Tanzania ya mwaka 1971. Lakini pia ufafanuzi wake umezingatia kweli zitokanazo na tafiti za kitaalamu. Tukumbuke kuwa NDOA BORA ndiyo Chimbuko la Maendeleo ya jamii zote za binadamu duniani. Mungu ameagiza kuwa watu wote waiheshimu Taasisi hii, na kwamba wazinzi na waasherati Mungu atawahukumia adhabu kali (Waebrania 13:4). Kuheshimu NDOA ni kumheshimu MUNGU, na kuidharau NDOA ni sawa na kumdharau MUNGU. Hakika kitabu hiki kitakuongezea maarifa na kubadili mtazamo wako juu ya Taasisi ya Ndoa. Kitabu hiki kinaweza kuwa zawadi nzuri kwa maarusi wapya wanaoingia katika Taasisi hii kila siku.
Namtakia kila msomaji wa kitabu hiki Heri na Fanaka kutoka kwa Mwenyezi Mungu.
Mungu Akubariki.

Mwandishi

YALIYOMO

Dibaji ............................................................................................. iii
Utangulizi...................................................................................................................iv
Shukrani............................................................................................vii
Kutabaruku...................................................................................... ix

SURA YA 1: HISTORIA YA FALSAFA YA TAASISI YA NDOA

1:1. Mwanzo wa Falsafa ya Ndoa ................................................. 1
1:1:1. Misingi ya Taasisi ya Ndoa .................................................... 2
1:1:2. Mitazamo ya Dini juu ya Maana ya Ndoa ............................. 6
1:1:3. Maana na Siri ya Mwili Mmoja ............................................ 7
1:1:4. Kanuni ya Mwili Mmoja ............................................................... 8
1:1:5. Ndoa Bora Lazima Ifuate Kanuni ya Kutengana na Wazazi ... 11
1:2. Utakatifu wa Taasisi ya Ndoa Kabla ya Torati ..................... 12
1:3. Uhusiano wa Taasisi ya Ndoa na Kristo................................ 14

SURA YA 2: MADHARA YA KUKIUKA MISINGI YA TAASISI YA NDOA

2:1. Maendeleo ya Ndoa Kutoka Vizazi vya Kaini na Sethi ......... 17
2:2. Adhabu ya Gharika ni Matokeo ya Kudharau Taasisi ya
Ndoa .................................................................................. 18
2:3. Ndoa kati ya ‘Wana wa Mungu’ na Wanadamu..................... 19
2:3:1 “Wana wa Mungu” Walikuwa Akina Nani? ......................... 22
2:3:2. Je, ni Adhabu gani wale ‘Wana wa Mungu’ Walipewa? ....... 25
2:4. Mfumo wa Ndoa baada ya Gharika na kabla ya Torati ....... 27
2:5. Kutawanywa kwa Mataifa ya Watoto wa Nuhu .................. 28
2:6. Madhara ya Kufanya Ngono Bila Kuzingatia
Kanuni ya Asilia .................................................................. 29
2:6:1. Zinaa Iliangamiza Miji ya Sodoma na Gomora .................... 30
2:6:2. Laana ya Nuhu na Madhara yake kwa uzao wa Kanaani...... 31
2:6:3. Zinaa Ilimwondolea Reubeni Haki ya Mzaliwa wa kwanza....35
2:6:4. Tamaa ya Kupenda Ngono Ilimwangamiza Mnadhiri
Samsoni ............................................................................ 38
2:7. Dalili na Ushahidi wa Laana ............................................... 39
2:8. Je, Kuna Siri gani Katika Uchi wa Binadamu? .................... 40
2:9. Je, Virusi vya UKIMWI vina Uhusiano na Dhambi ya Zinaa?..................................................................................42
2:10; Wanadamu Tunaweza Kubadilika..........................................45

SURA YA 3: MAENDELEO YA NDOA KUTOKEA UZAO WA IBRAHIMU ...................................................................................47

3:1. Agano la Mungu kwa Ibrahimu kuwa Baba wa Mataifa ........ 47
3:2. Ibrahimu Aliheshimu Misingi ya Ndoa .................................. 50
3:3. Kuzaliwa kwa Ishmaeli na Kukataliwa kuwa Mrithi
wa Ibrahimu ........................................................................ 53
3:4. Ahadi za Mungu kwa Kizazi cha Ibrahimu Kupitia Sara ...... 53
3:5. Kwa nini Mungu Aliwatenganisha Isaka na Ishmaeli ........... 54
3:6. Hoja za Mtume Paulo Kuhusu Uzao wa Isaka na Ishmaeli ... 56
3:7. Uzao wa Isaka .................................................................... 57
3:8. Mungu Alivyolinda Ndoa za Ibrahimu na Isaka ................... 58
3:9. Yusufu Aliendeleza Agano la Mungu kwa Ibrahimu ............ 61
3:10. Kukua kwa Taifa la Israeli Nchini Misri .............................. 62
3:11. Vizazi vya Ibrahimu na Mgogoro wa Mashariki ya Kati ..... 66

SURA YA 4: MITARA KWA MTAZAMO WA KIKRISTO NA HAKI ASILIA.................................................................................69

4:1. Mwanzo wa Kuibuka kwa Ndoa za Mitara ........................ 69
4:2. Yakobo na Ndoa ya Wake Wawili ..................................... 70
4:2:1. Sababu ya Yakobo Kuoa Wake Wawili .............................. 71
4:2:2. Matatizo Aliyopambana nayo Yakobo kwa Kuoa
Wake Wawili ...................................................................... 72
4:2:3. Mashindano ya Kuzaa Kati ya Lea na Raheli ..................... 73
4:2:4. Chuki na Uadui ndani ya Familia ya Yakobo ...................... 74

4:2:5. Matokeo ya Chuki Katika Familia ya Yakobo ................... 75

4:3. Ndoa za Mitara Hupanda Chuki ndani ya Familia ...............76

4:3:1. Ndoa ya Elkana kwa Hanna na Penina ..................................78

4:4. Ndoa za Mitara si Mpango wa Mungu Tangu Zamani ..........79

4:5. Yusufu Hakujihusisha na Ndoa za Mitara .............................81

4:6. Mfumo wa Ndoa Wakati wa Torati ......................................82

4:6:1. Torati Ilikusudiwa Kudhibiti Zinaa .......................................84

4:7. Mfumo wa Ndoa Ndani ya Sheria ya Tanzania ......................86

4:8. Ndoa za Mitara ni Kinyume na Haki Asilia za Mwanamke ...87

4:9. Hoja za Nguvu Zinazotetea Ndoa za Mitara ..........................89

4:9:1. Uwiano wa Wanaume na Wanawake Duniani .......................90

4:9:2. Uwiano wa Wanawake na Wanaume katika nchi za China na India................................................................................... .90

4:9:3. Uwiano wa Wanawake na Wanaume Nchini Tanzania ..........92

4:9:4. Sababu za Kuwepo Wanawake Wengi kuliko Wanaume

Nchini ....................................................................................93

4:9:5. Mazingira Hatarishi Yanapunguza Idadi ya Wanaume

Nchini .................................................................................94

4:9:6. Ajali za Barabarani Zinaua Wanaume Wengi Kuliko

Wanawake ............................................................................ 97

4:10. Je, ni Kweli Mwanaume Hauwezi Kutosheka na Mke Mmoja?............................................................................... 98

4:11: Madhara ya Ndoa za Mitara .............................................. 99

SURA YA 5: NDOA YA KIKRISTO NA SHERIA YA NDOA ....100

5:1. Maana ya Ndoa Kibiblia na Kisheria .................................. 100

5:2. Muungano wa Ndoa Unapaswa kuwa wa Hiari ................... 102

5:3. Mahari Kama Sharti la Ndoa .......................................... 103

5:3:1. Aina za Mahari ..................................................................... 104

5:3:2. Chimbuko la Mahari ........................................................... 106

5:3:3. Maana ya Mahari Kibiblia ........................................................... 108

5:3:4. Kuingizwa kwa Neno Mahari Ndani ya Torati .................. 111

5:3:5. Madhara ya Kuendeleza Mahari ......................................... 111

5:4. Sheria na Ndoa za Kimila ................................................... 114

5:5. Mgogoro wa Umri wa Kuoa na Kuolewa ........................... 115

5:6. Ndoa ni Zaidi ya Mkataba .................................................... 116

5:7. Jamii Iepuke Ndoa kwa Vijana Wadogo ............................. 116

5:8. Mahusiano ya Kindoa Yasiyoruhusiwa na Sheria

(Maharimu) ...................................................................... 120

5:8:1. Ndoa Zinazoweza Kubatilika Kisheria na Kibiblia ............. 123

5:8:2. Maelezo ya Jumla kuhusu Ndoa Zinazoweza Kubatilika .... 123

5:8:3. Mambo Yanayofanya Ndoa Kuwa Batili .......................... 124

5:8:4. Maana ya Kutimiliza Ndoa Kisheria .................................. 125

5:8:5. Ndoa ya Kikristo Inaweza Kubatilishwa ............................... 126

5:8:6. Kuoa au Kuolewa na Mtu Mwenye Kifafa au Wazimu ....... 126

5:8:7. Ugonjwa Unaotokana na ‘Uzinzi’ ..................................... 127

5:8:8. Mwanamke kuwa na Mimba ya Mtu Mwingine .................129

5:8:9. Kukataa kwa Mwanandoa Kujamiiana ................................. 129

5:8:10. Umri Unaoweza Kubatilisha Ndoa.................................... 130 5:8:11. Wachungaji Wajihadhari na Matapeli wa Ndoa.................. 130

5:8:12. Anayetaka Kuoa au Kuolewa Ajihadhari na Matapeli wa Ndoa ................................................................................ 131

5:9. Mtazamo Hasi Juu ya Sheria ya Ndoa................................132

5:10. Wajibu wa Viongozi wa Dini kujua Sheria ya Ndoa...............133

5:10:1. Makanisa na Halmashauri za Usuluhishi wa Ndoa ............. 133

5:10:2. Faida za kuwa na Halmashauri za Usuluhishi Zinazotambuliwa Kisheria ......................................................................... 134

SURA YA 6: CHIMBUKO LA TALAKA ..................................137

6:1. Mungu Anachukia Talaka ................................................... 137

6:2. Talaka Wakati wa Agano la Kale .................................... 137

6:3. Alichokiunganisha Mungu Mwanadamu Asikitenganishe .. 140

6:4. Mjadala wa Mafarisayo na Yesu kuhusu Talaka .............. 141

6:5. Ugumu wa Mioyo ya Watu Ulihalalisha Talaka ............... 142

6:6. Ni Muhimu kuwa na Maono Kabla ya Ndoa ...................... 143

6:7. Kwa nini Mahakama zinatoa Talaka kwa Ndoa za Wakristo?144

6:8. Kutengana au Kuachana kwa Wanandoa.............................145

6:8:1. Kutengana kwa Hiaria au kwa Amri ya Mahakama ..................146

6:8:2. Je, Biblia Inaruhusu Wanandoa kutengana. ................... 147

6:8:3. Kutengana au Kuachana kwa Mtazamo wa Agano Jipya .................................................................................................. 149

6:9. Vigezo Vinavyotumiwa na Mahakama Kuhalalisha Talaka.149

6:9:1. Uzinzi kama Moja ya Sababu za Kuvunjika kwa Ndoa .......152

6:9:2. Mwanandoa Kuwa na Tabia ya Kujamiiana na Mtu wa

Jinsi yake .................................................................... .....158

6:9:3. Tabia ya Ukatili katika Ndoa ............................................ 161

6:9:4. Kutotimiza Wajibu kwa Mwanandoa Kwaweza

Kuvunja Ndoa ................................................................ 162

6:9:5. Mwanandoa Akihukumiwa Kifungo Gerezani ................ 167

6:9:6. Ugonjwa wa Akili Unavyoweza Kuvunja Ndoa ................. 169

6: 9:7. Kubadili Dini Kunavyoweza Kuvunja Ndoa .................... 171

6:10. Majumuisho Kuhusu Sheria ya Ndoa .............................. 173

6:11. Sababu Zingine Zinazovunja Ndoa Kinyume cha Sheria ... 174

6:11:1. Mwanamke Kuchelewa Kuzaa au Kutozaa Kabisa ......... 176

6:11:2. Mwanamke Kuzaa Watoto wa Jinsi Moja ....................... 178

6:11:3. Mimba Kutoka au Kuharibika Mara kwa Mara ................ 179

6:11:4. Kutelekeza Familia kwa Sababu mbalimbali ..................... 180

6:12. Mwenendo wa Hali ya Ndoa na Talaka Nchini .................181

6:12:1. Takwimu kutoka RITA .................................................... 181

6:12:2. Takwimu Kutoka Mahakamani. ....................................... 183

6:12:3. Takwimu za Hali ya Ndoa Kutokana na Sensa ........................................................................................................ 184

6:13. Maisha ya Mkristo Baada ya Talaka ................................ 185

6:13:1. Mitazamo Tofauti Kuhusu Kuoa Baada ya Talaka ........... 186

6:13:2. Angalizo kwa Wanandoa Wakristo wa Kweli .................. 190

SURA YA 7: MAISHA YA NDOA NA NAMNA YA KUDHIBITI TALAKA ....................................................................................192

7:1. Mke Kuishi na Mume Asiyempenda ................................. 1192

7:2. Maisha ya Lea na Yakobo .................................................. 192

7:3. Lea Alipata Mateso Asiyostahili ........................................... 193

7:4. Mungu Aliingilia kati Ndoa ya Lea na Raheli .................. 194

7:5. Mashindano kati ya Lea na Raheli .................................. 195

7:6. Tunachojifunza Kutokana na Kisa cha Ndoa ya Yakobo ..197

7:7. Namna ya Kuishi na Mume Mpumbavu .......................... 198

7:8. Busara za Mwanamke Abigaili ........................................ 201

7:9. Matendo ya Busara ya Abigaili Yalizima Hasira ya

Mfalme Daudi ................................................................. 202

7:10. Hekima za Abigaili zilimfanya aolewe na Mfalme Daudi ..204

7:11. Ndoa kati ya Aliyeamini na Asiyeamini ..............................204

SURA YA 8: KANUNI MUHIMU KWA UJENZI WA NDOA BORA

8:1. Ndoa Bora Hujengwa Juu ya Kanuni ................................ 208

8:1:1. Ndoa Ihesabiwe kuwa ni Kifungo cha Kudumu ............... 208

8:1:2. Mume na Mke wawe na Utambulisho Mmoja .................. 209

8:1:3. Mume Lazima Ampende Mke kama Kristo Alivyolipenda

Kanisa ........................................................................... 212

8:1:4. Uaminifu Usiotetereka .................................................... 213

8:1:5. Kunyenyekeana kati ya Mume na Mke ........................... 213

8:1:6. Wajibu wa kila Mwanandoa ............................................. 214

8:1:7. Mume kama Kichwa cha Mkewe .................................. 215

8:1:8. Utii wa Mke kwa Mumewe ............................................ 218

8:1:9. Ukamilifu wa Tendo la Ndoa .......................... ............... 219

8:1:10. Uwazi wa Wanandoa Katika Mawasiliano ....................... 222

8:1:11. Uhusiano Kati ya Ufalme wa Mungu na Maisha ya Ndoa ...223

8:1:12. Kazi ni Kiungo cha Lazima Katika Kudumisha Ndoa ......225

8:2. Wanandoa Wasiruhusu Mlango wa Majaribu ................... 227

SURA YA 9: CHUO CHA WANANDOA................................228

9:1. Elimu na Maarifa Kabla ya Ndoa Havitoshi ......................... 230

9:2. Wanandoa Wanapaswa Kuzalisha Tunda la Roho

Ndani yao ........................................................................ 231

9:3. Wanandoa Wajifunze Kutoka Kitabu cha Wimbo Ulio Bora ....................................................................... 236

9:4. Ndoa za Watu Wasomi na Wenye Madaraka Katika Jamii ..238

9:5. Ndoa kati ya Mke Msomi na Mume Asiye Msomi ........... 243

9:6. Wanachopaswa Kufanya Wanawake Wasomi ................... 244

SURA YA 10: CHIMBUKO LA ‘NYUMBA NDOGO’ KATIKA JAMII YETU................................................................................246

10:1. Sababu Zinazochangia Kuwepo kwa “Nyumba Ndogo” .... 246

10:2. Zafanana...............................................................................247

10:3. Wanawake Walioolewa na Tatizo la ‘Nyumba Ndogo’...... 248

10:4. Ndoa za Mitara siyo Ufumbuzi wa ‘Nyumba Ndogo’........ 250

10:5. Wajibu wa Wanawake Walioolewa Kulinda Ndoa zao ....... 251

10:6. Mke Mpumbavu Huibomoa Nyumba yake ...................... 252

10:7. Madhara ya Wazi ya kuwa na ‘Nyumba Ndogo’ ................ 255

10:8. Changamoto za ‘Ulimwengu wa Nyumba Ndogo’ .......... 256

10:9. Tujifunze Falsafa ya Kushinda Dhambi ya Zinaa .............. 257

10:10. Wanawake Wazee Wawatie Akili Wanawake Vijana........... 261

10:11. Wanawake Wanaopenda Kuishi Bila Ndoa.......................... .262

SURA YA 11: HARAKATI ZA KUTETEA NDOA ZA JINSI MOJA

11:1. Uovu wa Ndoa za Jinsi Moja Unavyosambaa kwa Kasi ..... 265

11:2. Upinzani wa Ndoa za Jinsi Moja ....................................... 267

11:3. Msimamo wa Mahakama Kuhusu Ndoa za Mashoga ........ 267

11:4. Ndoa za Mashoga Zinaashiria Balaa kwa Vizazi Vijavyo .... 270

11:5. Kuhalalishwa kwa ‘Ushoga’ ni Kukejeli Taasisi ya Ndoa .... 271

11:6. Kizazi cha Binadamu na Taasisi ya Ndoa ......................... 272

SURA YA 12: MAADILI NI MSINGI MKUU WA TAASISI YA NDOA...........................................................................................275

12:1. Falsafa ya Maadili ............................................................ 275 12:2. Maana ya Maadili ............................................................ 275 12:3. Matawi Makuu ya Falsafa .................................................. 276

12:4. Mungu ndiye Chanzo cha Maadili .................................... 276

12:5. Historia ya Falsafa ya Maadili .......................................... 278

12:6. Mchango wa Wanafalsafa Katika Elimu ya Maadili ..........280

12:7. Uhusiano wa Nafsi ya Mtu na Maadili ........................... 281

12:8. Aristotle na Elimu ya Maadili ........................................ 282

12:9. Uhusiano wa Maadili na Asili ......................................... 283

12:10. Maadili ya Kikristo ........................................................... 284

12:11. Maadili ya Kikristo Ndiyo Mama wa Sheria ................... 285

12:12. Nafasi ya Maadili Katika Kuimarisha Taasisi ya Ndoa ....... 286

12:13. Tunahitaji Kuwa na Mtazamo Mpya Juu ya Maadili............287

12:14. Dini nazo Zimeshindwa Kuimarisha Maadili ..................... 290

12:15. Maadili Huzaa Uadilifu .................................................... 292

12:16. Nguzo za Uadilifu ............................................................ 293

SURA YA 13: NDOA NA MAENDELEO YA FAMILIA......295

13:1. Ndoa Bora ni Chimbuko la Maendeleo ya Binadamu ...... 295

13:2. Ndoa na Maendeleo ya Watoto ........................................ 296

13:3. Njia Impasayo Mtoto Kulelewa Kwayo ......................... 299

13:4. Nafasi ya Kiboko (Fimbo) Kwa Maadili ya Mtoto ........... 300

13:5. Kuna Adhabu Mbadala Kwa Mtoto ................................ 302

13:6. Wazazi Wasiwachokoze Watoto wao ............................... 302

13:7. Maadili Ayapatayo Mtoto Kutoka kwa Wazazi ............... 304

13:8. Madhara Yanayoweza Kuipata Familia kwa Kudekeza

Watoto ............................................................................ 306

13:9. Maendeleo ya Vijana na Imani .......................................... 308

13:10. Kanisa Lisaidie Kufunza Vijana Maadili ............................ 311

13:11. Wanandoa na Usimamizi wa Mali ................................... 312

13:12. Umuhimu wa Wasia kwa Wanandoa .................................... 314

SURA YA 14: WAJIBU WA KANISA KUIMARISHA TAASISI YA NDOA ..........................................................................................318

14:1. Taasisi ya Ndoa ni Nguzo Kuu ya Kanisa ........................ 318

14:2. Zinaa Inavyolitafuna Kanisa Siku za Leo ....................... 319

14:3. Kanisa Linapaswa Kupambana na Dhambi ya Zinaa ..........320

14:4. Ulimwengu wa Vijana na Dhambi ya Zinaa .......................322

MAJEDWALI ..................................................................... 269-272

Bibliografia ( Marejeo) ......................................................... 273-274

Kiambatanisho: Sheria ya Ndoa ya Mwaka 1971 -

[Tafsiri ya Kiswahili kama Ilivyoagizwa na the Law of Marriage Act, 1971 section 167]. ..................................................................... 285

2. Imani ya Kikristo Na sayansi ya Miujiza

Muhtasari wa Kitabu

Wazo la kuandika kitabu hiki lilitokana na ujio mpya wa watu wanaodai kufanya miujiza ya kila aina, tangu ile ya uponyaji wa magonjwa yawapatayo binadamu mpaka miujiza ya kuondoa umaskini na kufanya watu kuwa matajiri; na pia kuwapatia miujiza mingine yoyote wanayoitaka katika maisha. Ujio huu mpya wa utendaji wa miujiza umetawaliwa na kile kinachoitwa ‘huduma za maombezi ya kusababisha miujiza ya kila aina’. Kuibuka upya kwa utendaji holela wa miujiza kunaenda sambamba na kuibuka kwa watu wanaojiita manabii na mitume; huu ukiwa ni mkondo mpya kabisa wa madhehebu ya Upentekoste. Itakumbukwa kuwa madhehebu ya kipentekoste yalianzia mnamo mwaka 1906 huko katika mtaa wa Asuza katika Jiji la Los Angels katika Jimbo la California, nchini Marekani na kutokea hapo upentekoste ukasambaa kote duniani.

Chimbuko la kitabu hiki ni makala zilizoandikwa na mwandishi wa kitabu hiki na kuchapishwa kwenye Gazeti la Msemakweli kuanzia mwezi Mei hadi Desemba kunako mwaka 2007 katika ukurasa maarufu uliokuwa unatumiwa na Mwandishi wa kitabu hiki wakati huo ukijulikana kama ‘Mada Tata’. Kutokana na umuhimu wa makala hizo, wakristo wengi wa madhehebu mbalimbali waliomba mwandishi ahariri makala hizo na kisha kuchapisha kitabu. Kwa hiyo, kitabu hiki ni mwitikio wa maombi hayo kama njia mojawapo ya kutoa elimu sahihi kuhusu miujiza kwa kuzingatia tafsiri sahihi za Maandiko ya Biblia.

Kitabu hiki kina jumla ya sura 10, ambazo kwa pamoja zimefafanua hoja nzima ya miujiza, kikibainisha kuwa kuna upotoshaji mkubwa sana kuhusu neno miujiza na jinsi ya kutendwa kwake. Ili kutoa ufahamu mzuri kuhusu ‘sayansi’ ya miujza, Mwandishi amefuatilia tangu mwanzo jinsi Mungu, manabii, Yesu Kristo, na hata mitume wake walivyotenda miujiza. Sura ya kwanza ya kitabu hiki inachambua historia na maendeleo ya miujiza, ikiangalia miujiza iliyofanywa na Mungu kupitia manabii mbalimbali kama Musa, Eliya, Elisha na wengine wengi.

Sura ya pili imejikita zaidi katika kuangalia utendaji wa miujiza wakati wa Agano Jipya, ambapo uchambuzi umeenda mbali na kuangalia aina za miujiza, makusudi ya kutendeka miujiza hiyo, na jinsi ilivyotenda; ikifanywa na Yesu Kristo mwenyewe na baadaye na Mitume aliwaachia mamlaka hayo. Kwa kuonyesha kuwa miujiza haikukoma tu baada ya mitume, mwandishi ameangalia pia uwezekano wa kutokea miujiza baada ya Mitume na hata katika siku za leo.

Kwa sababu kibwagizo kikuu siku hizi kuhusu miujiza kimekuwa ni ‘huduma za maombezi, Mwandishi ametumia sura ya tatu kuelezea kwa ufasaha maana ya neno maombezi na kisha maana nzima ya huduma ya maombezi tangu enzi za nabii Musa hadi enzi za Yesu, na hata Mitume wake, na jinsi huduma ya maombezi inavyopaswa kufanyika siku za leo kwa kadiri ya maagizo na maelekezo ya Mitume wakuu aliwaachia kazi Bwana wetu Yesu Kristo.

Kwa kutambua kuwa miujiza kwa kutumia jina la Yesu sasa ni mtaji mkubwa wa watumishi matapeli, sura ya nne inatoa msaada kwa msomaji kufahamu kuwa Injili ya Yesu Kristo haikuja ili kuwafanya maskini kuwa matajiri kwa njia ya miujiza. Kwa hiyo, kile kinachoitwa utajiri na mafanikio yanayoweza kusababishwa na miujiza ya kutumia jina la Yesu Kristo leo, ni wizi na udanganifu uliobuniwa na watu wajanja kuwadanganya wajinga walio wengi na wasiojua nini hasa maana ya Injili ya Kristo.

Kwa kuwa Neno la Mungu li hai siku zote ili liweze kuwaokoa wanadamu na dhambi zao, sura ya tano inatoa maelezo ya kina kuhusu nguvu ya injili leo, kwamba Injili inayo nguvu ya kuokoa bila hata injili hiyo kuandamana na kile kinachoitwa miujiza kupitia huduma za kitapeli za maombezi. Sura ya sita inabainisha uwepo wa watumishi mafisadi wanaomtumia Mungu kama mtaji tu wa kutafuta utajiri na mafanikio, lakini si watumishi wa kweli wa Mungu kama wao wanavyodai.

Kwa vile kumezuka ‘manabii na mitume’ wapya wanaodai kufanya miujiza ya kila namna, sura ya saba imetoa maelezo muhimu kuhusu ujio huu mpya wa manabii na mitume wanaotamba kuwa wana upako wa kusababisha miujiza yoyote kwa kutumia jina la Yesu. Manabii na mitume hawa ndiyo mkondo mpya wa Upentekoste-mamboleo unaotimiza unabii wa kuibuka wakati wa siku za mwisho manabii na mitume wa uongo. Na kwa vile miujiza sasa imegeuzwa kuwa ni biashara kubwa, basi watenda miujiza wa leo sasa wanapigana vikumbo kutoa matangazo kwenye vyombo vya habari wakiwatangazia watu wenye matatizo mbalimbali kufika kwenye huduma zao za maombezi ili kupata ufumbuzi wa matatizo yao. Sura ya Nane imeelezea kwa kina upotofu na udhalilishaji wa imani ya Kikristo kupitia matangazo hayo ya miujiza kwenye vyombo vya habari.

Sura ya Tisa imejikita katika kutoa elimu juu ya nafasi ya Sayansi ya Tiba, ikilinganishwa na ‘sayansi ya utendaji wa miujiza’ katika ulimwengu wetu. Sura hii imefafanua mantiki ya maandiko yanayotoa ahadi ya uponyaji wa magonjwa kwa kutumia jina la Yesu na uhalisia wa kutokea miujiza ya uponyaji, na jinsi mkristo wa leo anavyopaswa kufahamu tofauti kati ya ‘sayansi ya miujiza’ na sayansi ya tiba. Sura ya kumi, ambayo ni ya mwisho, ni hitimisho la ujumbe wa ‘Imani ya Kikristo na Sayansi ya Miujiza’, ambapo mwandishi anahitimisha ujumbe wa kitabu hiki kwa kubainisha kuwa ujinga wa wakristo wetu kwa kutoijua imani ya kikristo kuhusu miujiza na upungufu wa mafundisho tulio nao leo katika makanisa yetu, ndiyo sababu pekee iliyotoa mwanya kwa matapeli wa injili ya miujiza kuwahadaa watu na miujiza ya uongo.

Aidha, Mwandishi anatoa wito kwa viongozi wa kikristo, Wachungaji, Maaskofu, na waumini wao kutoa kipaumbele katika kufundisha imani ya kikristo kwa usahihi kuliko uendeshaji tu wa ibada za kusali kila siku za ibada. Hii ni kwa sababu Bwana Yesu aliagiza watu wote wahubiriwe na kisha kufundishwa kuyajua yote aliyokuwa amewafundisha wanafunzi wake. Nakutakia usomaji wenye manufaa wa kitabu hiki, ili uwe balozi makini wa kuwafundisha wengine usahihi wa miujiza ya Mungu kupitia jina la Yesu Kristo.